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List of countries by income inequality

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Countries by level of economic inequality according to the World Bank (2022)

This is a list of countries and territories by income inequality metrics, as calculated by the World Bank, UNU-WIDER, OCDE, and World Inequality Database, based on different indicators, like the Gini coefficient and specific income ratios. Income from black market economic activity is not included.

The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 100, where 0 represents perfect equality (everyone has the same income). Meanwhile, an index of 100 implies perfect inequality (one person has all the income, and everyone else has no income).

Income ratios include the pre-tax national income share held by the top 10% of the population and the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile (i.e., the 10% of people with the highest income) to that of the upper bound value of the first decile (the ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%).

Income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country.

Country/Territory UN Region World Bank Income group(2024) Gini coefficient[a] WB[1] Year UNU-WIDER[2] Year OECD[3][4][5] Year Afghanistan Southern Asia Low income 31.00 2017 Angola Middle Africa Lower middle income 51.3 2018 51.27 2019 Albania Southern Europe Upper middle income 29.4 2020 29.42 2020 Andorra Southern Europe High income 27.96 2016 United Arab Emirates Western Asia High income 26.4 2018 25.97 2019 Argentina South America Upper middle income 42.4 2024 37.80 2022 Armenia Western Asia Upper middle income 27.2 2023 27.94 2021 Australia Australia and New Zealand High income 34.3 2018 34.33 2018 Austria Western Europe High income 30.9 2022 30.70 2022 28.5 2022 Azerbaijan Western Asia Upper middle income 26.6 2005 26.55 2005 Burundi Eastern Africa Low income 37.5 2020 38.62 2014 Belgium Western Europe High income 26.4 2022 26.70 2022 25.0 2022 Benin Western Africa Lower middle income 34.4 2021 37.95 2019 Burkina Faso Western Africa Low income 37.4 2021 43.02 2019 Bangladesh Southern Asia Lower middle income 33.4 2022 32.39 2016 Bulgaria Eastern Europe High income 38.2 2022 39.01 2022 Bahrain Western Asia High income 59.60 2015 Bahamas Caribbean High income 41.40 2013 Bosnia and Herzegovina Southern Europe Upper middle income 33.0 2011 33.03 2011 Belarus Eastern Europe Upper middle income 24.4 2020 24.38 2020 Belize Central America Upper middle income 39.9 2018 53.26 1999 Bolivia South America Lower middle income 42.1 2023 40.91 2021 Brazil South America Upper middle income 51.6 2023 51.40 2022 Barbados Caribbean High income 34.1 2016 32.00 2017 Brunei South-eastern Asia High income 56.40 1981 Bhutan Southern Asia Lower middle income 28.5 2022 28.46 2022 Botswana Southern Africa Upper middle income 54.9 2015 53.33 2016 Central African Republic Middle Africa Low income 43.0 2021 43.05 2021 Canada Northern America High income 31.7 2019 28.80 2021 30.6 2023 Switzerland Western Europe High income 33.7 2020 33.82 2021 Chile South America High income 43.0 2022 44.50 2022 44.8 2022 ‹See TfM› China Eastern Asia Upper middle income 35.7 2021 36.67 2020 Ivory Coast Western Africa Lower middle income 35.3 2021 37.17 2019 Cameroon Middle Africa Lower middle income 42.2 2021 46.64 2014 Democratic Republic of the Congo Middle Africa Low income 44.7 2020 Republic of the Congo Middle Africa Lower middle income 48.9 2011 48.94 2012 Colombia South America Upper middle income 53.9 2023 52.90 2021 Comoros Eastern Africa Lower middle income 45.3 2014 45.33 2014 Cape Verde Western Africa Lower middle income 42.4 2015 42.38 2015 Costa Rica Central America Upper middle income 45.8 2024 47.15 2022 47.0 2023 Cuba Caribbean Upper middle income 38.00 2000 Cyprus Western Asia High income 31.5 2022 31.25 2022 Czech Republic Eastern Europe High income 25.9 2022 26.24 2022 24.9 2022 Germany Western Europe High income 32.4 2020 30.64 2022 Djibouti Eastern Africa Lower middle income 41.6 2017 41.59 2017 Denmark Northern Europe High income 29.3 2022 28.47 2022 Dominican Republic Caribbean Upper middle income 39.0 2024 38.10 2022 Algeria Northern Africa Upper middle income 27.6 2011 27.62 2012 Ecuador South America Upper middle income 45.2 2024 45.47 2022 Egypt Northern Africa Lower middle income 28.5 2021 31.89 2020 Spain Southern Europe High income 33.9 2021 33.99 2022 32.0 2021 Estonia Northern Europe High income 32.3 2022 31.95 2022 32.1 2021 Ethiopia Eastern Africa Low income 31.1 2021 34.99 2016 Finland Northern Europe High income 27.9 2022 28.71 2022 26.9 2023 Fiji Melanesia Upper middle income 30.7 2019 30.71 2020 France Western Europe High income 31.2 2022 31.63 2022 29.7 2022 Federated States of Micronesia Micronesia Lower middle income 40.1 2013 40.06 2013 Gabon Middle Africa Upper middle income 38.0 2017 38.02 2017 United Kingdom Northern Europe High income 32.4 2021 34.24 2022 35.4 2021 Georgia Western Asia Upper middle income 33.9 2024 36.93 2021 Ghana Western Africa Lower middle income 43.5 2016 43.52 2017 Guinea Western Africa Lower middle income 29.6 2018 29.59 2019 Gambia Western Africa Low income 38.8 2020 38.76 2021 Guinea-Bissau Western Africa Low income 33.4 2021 34.77 2019 Equatorial Guinea Middle Africa Upper middle income 38.5 2022 50.20 2006 Greece Southern Europe High income 33.4 2022 33.25 2022 31.6 2022 Grenada Caribbean Upper middle income 43.8 2018 36.60 2008 Greenland Northern America High income 35.40 2018 Guatemala Central America Upper middle income 45.7 2024 48.28 2014 Guyana South America High income 45.0 1998 35.00 2006 Hong Kong Eastern Asia High income 42.00 2016 Honduras Central America Lower middle income 46.8 2023 48.10 2021 Croatia Southern Europe High income 30.0 2022 28.92 2022 Haiti Caribbean Lower middle income 41.1 2012 41.10 2012 Hungary Eastern Europe High income 29.2 2021 29.32 2022 29.4 2022 Indonesia South-eastern Asia Upper middle income 34.9 2024 37.92 2022 India Southern Asia Lower middle income 25.5 2022 37.06 2022 Ireland Northern Europe High income 30.1 2021 30.29 2022 28.5 2022 Iran Southern Asia Upper middle income 35.9 2023 40.94 2020 Iraq Western Asia Upper middle income 29.8 2023 47.20 2013 Iceland Northern Europe High income 26.6 2018 26.27 2018 Israel Western Asia High income 37.9 2021 34.00 2020 34.5 2022 Italy Southern Europe High income 34.8 2021 34.92 2022 31.9 2022 Jamaica Caribbean Upper middle income 40.2 2021 37.48 2017 Jordan Western Asia Lower middle income 33.7 2010 33.58 2014 Japan Eastern Asia High income 32.9 2013 33.40 2018 33.8 2021 Kazakhstan Central Asia Upper middle income 29.2 2021 27.79 2018 Kenya Eastern Africa Lower middle income 38.7 2021 38.70 2021 Kyrgyzstan Central Asia Lower middle income 26.4 2022 28.99 2020 Cambodia South-eastern Asia Lower middle income 30.76 2012 Kiribati Micronesia Lower middle income 27.8 2019 27.83 2020 Saint Kitts and Nevis Caribbean High income 40.00 2009 South Korea Eastern Asia High income 32.9 2021 33.10 2020 32.4 2022 Kuwait Western Asia High income 36.02 2000 Laos South-eastern Asia Lower middle income 38.8 2018 38.80 2019 Lebanon Western Asia Lower middle income 31.8 2011 31.83 2012 Liberia Western Africa Low income 35.3 2016 35.27 2016 Libya Northern Africa Upper middle income 30.20 2008 Saint Lucia Caribbean Upper middle income 43.7 2015 51.23 2016 Sri Lanka Southern Asia Lower middle income 37.7 2019 37.66 2019 Lesotho Southern Africa Lower middle income 44.9 2017 44.88 2018 Lithuania Northern Europe High income 36.6 2022 36.68 2022 36.0 2022 Luxembourg Western Europe High income 34.4 2022 32.91 2022 29.6 2022 Latvia Northern Europe High income 34.3 2021 34.56 2022 34.0 2022 Morocco Northern Africa Lower middle income 39.5 2013 39.55 2014 Moldova Eastern Europe Upper middle income 25.7 2021 25.73 2021 Madagascar Eastern Africa Low income 42.6 2012 42.65 2013 Maldives Southern Asia Upper middle income 29.3 2019 29.29 2020 Mexico Central America Upper middle income 43.5 2022 44.01 2022 40.0 2022 Marshall Islands Micronesia Upper middle income 35.5 2019 35.48 2020 North Macedonia Southern Europe Upper middle income 33.5 2019 33.51 2020 Mali Western Africa Low income 35.7 2021 35.28 2021 Malta Southern Europe High income 31.4 2020 31.64 2022 Myanmar South-eastern Asia Lower middle income 30.7 2017 30.70 2017 Montenegro Southern Europe Upper middle income 34.3 2021 32.90 2020 Mongolia Eastern Asia Upper middle income 31.4 2022 32.74 2018 Mozambique Eastern Africa Low income 50.3 2019 50.45 2020 Mauritania Western Africa Lower middle income 32.0 2019 32.62 2014 Mauritius Eastern Africa Upper middle income 36.8 2017 38.47 2012 Malawi Eastern Africa Low income 38.5 2019 38.54 2020 Malaysia South-eastern Asia Upper middle income 40.7 2021 Namibia Southern Africa Upper middle income 59.1 2015 59.07 2016 Niger Western Africa Low income 32.9 2021 37.26 2019 Nigeria Western Africa Lower middle income 35.1 2018 35.13 2019 Nicaragua Central America Lower middle income 46.2 2014 46.16 2014 Netherlands Western Europe High income 25.7 2021 26.04 2022 28.8 2022 Norway Northern Europe High income 27.7 2019 29.48 2021 26.2 2022 Nepal Southern Asia Lower middle income 30.0 2022 32.84 2011 Nauru Micronesia High income 32.4 2012 32.36 2013 New Zealand Australia and New Zealand High income 32.00 2020 Oman Western Asia High income 30.09 2019 Pakistan Southern Asia Lower middle income 29.6 2018 29.59 2019 Panama Central America High income 49.7 2024 49.60 2022 Peru South America Upper middle income 40.1 2024 40.25 2021 Philippines South-eastern Asia Lower middle income 39.3 2023 40.68 2021 Palau Micronesia High income 43.00 2014 Papua New Guinea Melanesia Lower middle income 41.9 2009 41.85 2010 Poland Eastern Europe High income 28.5 2021 28.56 2022 27.0 2022 Puerto Rico Caribbean High income 55.80 2003 Portugal Southern Europe High income 34.6 2021 34.59 2022 33.2 2022 Paraguay South America Upper middle income 44.4 2023 45.11 2022 Palestine Western Asia Lower middle income 33.7 2016 33.69 2017 Qatar Western Asia High income 35.1 2017 24.60 2013 Réunion Eastern Africa — 51.00 1977 Romania Eastern Europe High income 33.9 2021 34.10 2022 Russia Eastern Europe High income 35.1 2021 36.03 2020 Rwanda Eastern Africa Low income 43.7 2016 43.71 2017 Saudi Arabia Western Asia High income 42.20 2018 Sudan Northern Africa Low income 34.2 2014 34.24 2014 Senegal Western Africa Lower middle income 36.2 2021 38.31 2019 Singapore South-eastern Asia High income 47.30 2011 Solomon Islands Melanesia Lower middle income 37.1 2012 37.05 2013 Sierra Leone Western Africa Low income 35.7 2018 35.69 2018 El Salvador Central America Upper middle income 39.8 2023 38.76 2022 San Marino Southern Europe High income 27.70 2017 Somalia Eastern Africa Low income 36.30 2016 Serbia Southern Europe Upper middle income 33.1 2021 34.98 2021 South Sudan Eastern Africa Low income 44.1 2016 44.14 2017 São Tomé and Príncipe Middle Africa Lower middle income 40.7 2017 40.75 2017 Suriname South America Upper middle income 39.2 2022 38.10 2017 Slovakia Eastern Europe High income 24.1 2021 24.12 2022 22.6 2022 Slovenia Southern Europe High income 24.3 2021 24.28 2022 24.4 2022 Sweden Northern Europe High income 29.8 2021 30.08 2022 28.9 2023 Eswatini Southern Africa Lower middle income 54.6 2016 54.58 2017 Seychelles Eastern Africa High income 32.1 2018 32.13 2019 Syria Western Asia Low income 26.6 2022 34.20 2007 Turks and Caicos Islands Caribbean High income 37.00 1999 Chad Middle Africa Low income 37.4 2022 37.50 2019 Togo Western Africa Low income 37.9 2021 Thailand South-eastern Asia Upper middle income 34.9 2021 35.12 2021 Tajikistan Central Asia Lower middle income 36.1 2024 34.00 2015 Turkmenistan Central Asia Upper middle income 40.8 1998 40.81 1998 Timor-Leste South-eastern Asia Lower middle income 28.7 2014 28.65 2014 Tonga Polynesia Upper middle income 27.1 2021 33.52 2015 Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean High income 40.2 1992 40.27 1992 Tunisia Northern Africa Lower middle income 33.7 2021 32.82 2016 Turkey — Upper middle income 44.5 2022 42.60 2021 42.7 2022 Tuvalu Polynesia Upper middle income 39.1 2010 39.14 2010 Taiwan Eastern Asia High income 32.58 2021 Tanzania Eastern Africa Lower middle income 40.5 2018 40.49 2018 Uganda Eastern Africa Low income 42.7 2019 42.71 2020 Ukraine Eastern Europe Upper middle income 25.6 2020 25.63 2020 Uruguay South America High income 40.9 2023 United States Northern America High income 41.8 2023 39.79 2022 39.6 2022 Uzbekistan Central Asia Lower middle income 34.6 2024 35.27 2003 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Caribbean Upper middle income 40.00 2008 Venezuela South America — 44.7 2006 37.80 2014 Vietnam South-eastern Asia Lower middle income 36.1 2022 36.81 2020 Vanuatu Melanesia Lower middle income 32.3 2019 32.32 2020 Samoa Polynesia Lower middle income 38.7 2013 38.73 2014 Kosovo Southern Europe Upper middle income 49.4 2021 29.01 2017 Yemen Western Asia Low income 36.7 2014 36.71 2014 South Africa Southern Africa Upper middle income 63.0 2014 66.99 2017 Zambia Eastern Africa Lower middle income 51.5 2022 44.00 2022 Zimbabwe Eastern Africa Lower middle income 50.3 2019 50.26 2019 Member state Gini coefficient[6] 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Austria 27.4 27.6 27.0 27.6 27.2 27.2 27.9 26.8 27.5 27.0 26.7 27.8 28.1 Belgium 26.3 26.5 25.9 25.9 26.2 26.3 26.1 25.7 25.1 25.4 24.1 24.9 24.2 Bulgaria 35.0 33.6 35.4 35.4 37.0 37.7 40.2 39.6 40.8 40.0 39.7 38.4 37.2 Croatia 31.2 30.9 30.9 30.2 30.4 29.8 29.9 29.7 29.2 28.3 29.2 28.5 29.7 Cyprus 29.2 31.0 32.4 34.8 33.6 32.1 30.8 29.1 31.1 29.3 29.4 29.4 29.6 Czech Republic 25.2 24.9 24.6 25.1 25.0 25.1 24.5 24.0 24.0 24.2 24.9 24.8 24.4 Denmark 26.6 26.5 26.8 27.7 27.4 27.7 27.6 27.8 27.5 27.3 27.0 27.7 28.2 Estonia 31.9 32.5 32.9 35.6 34.8 32.7 31.6 30.6 30.5 30.5 30.6 31.9 31.8 Finland 25.8 25.9 25.4 25.6 25.2 25.4 25.3 25.9 26.2 26.5 25.7 26.6 26.6 France 30.8 30.5 30.1 29.2 29.2 29.3 28.8 28.5 29.2 29.2 29.3 29.8 29.7 Germany 29.0 28.3 29.7 30.7 30.1 29.5 29.1 31.1 29.7 30.5 31.2 29.0 29.4 Greece 33.5 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.2 34.3 33.4 32.3 31.0 31.4 32.4 31.4 31.8 Hungary 26.9 27.2 28.3 28.6 28.2 28.2 28.1 28.7 28.0 28.0 27.6 27.4 29.0 Ireland 29.8 30.4 30.7 31.1 29.7 29.6 30.6 28.9 28.3 28.3 26.6 26.9 27.4 Italy 32.5 32.4 32.8 32.4 32.4 33.1 32.7 33.4 32.8 32.5 32.9 32.7 31.5 Latvia 35.1 35.7 35.2 35.5 35.4 34.5 34.5 35.6 35.2 34.5 35.7 34.3 34.0 Lithuania 33.0 32.0 34.6 35.0 37.9 37.0 37.6 36.9 35.4 35.1 35.4 36.2 35.7 Luxembourg 27.2 28.0 30.4 28.7 28.5 29.6 29.2 31.3 32.3 31.2 29.6 29.1 30.6 Malta 27.2 27.1 28.0 27.7 28.1 28.6 28.2 28.7 28.0 30.3 31.2 31.1 33.0 Netherlands 25.8 25.4 25.1 26.2 26.7 26.9 27.1 27.4 26.8 28.2 26.4 26.3 26.4 Poland 31.1 30.9 30.7 30.8 30.6 29.8 29.2 27.8 28.5 27.2 26.8 26.3 27.0 Portugal 34.2 34.5 34.2 34.5 34.0 33.9 33.5 32.1 31.9 31.2 33.0 32.0 33.7 Romania 33.5 34.0 34.6 35.0 37.4 34.7 33.1 35.1 34.8 33.8 34.3 32.0 31.0 Slovakia 25.7 25.3 24.2 26.1 23.7 24.3 23.2 20.9 22.8 20.9 21.8 21.2 21.6 Slovenia 23.8 23.7 24.4 25.0 24.5 24.4 23.7 23.4 23.9 23.5 23.0 23.1 23.4 Spain 34.0 34.2 33.7 34.7 34.6 34.5 34.1 33.2 33.0 32.1 33.0 32.0 31.5 Sweden 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.9 26.7 27.6 28.0 27.0 27.6 26.9 26.8 27.6 29.5 European Union 30.5 30.4 30.6 30.9 30.8 30.6 30.3 30.4 30.2 30.0 30.2 29.6 29.6 Eurozone 30.6 30.5 30.7 31.0 30.7 30.7 30.4 30.6 30.2 30.3 30.5 — — Serbia[a] — — 38.0 38.3 40.0 39.8 37.8 35.6 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.2 — Montenegro[b] — — 38.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.7 34.7 34.1 32.9 32.5 31.5 — Notes: Country Gini coefficient[7] Before taxesand transfers After taxesand transfers Year Australia 0.441 0.318 2020 Austria 0.486 0.274 2019 Belgium 0.489 0.262 2019 Canada 0.438 0.280 2020 Chile 0.495 0.460 2017 Costa Rica 0.551 0.487 2021 Czech Republic 0.432 0.248 2019 Denmark 0.445 0.268 2019 Estonia 0.465 0.305 2019 Finland 0.516 0.265 2020 France 0.519 0.292 2019 Germany 0.505 0.309 2022 Greece 0.525 0.308 2019 Hungary 0.463 0.286 2019 Iceland 0.369 0.250 2017 Ireland 0.520 0.292 2018 Israel 0.449 0.342 2019 Italy 0.511 0.330 2018 Japan 0.570 0.381 2021 Latvia 0.483 0.355 2020 Lithuania 0.495 0.357 2019 Luxembourg 0.490 0.305 2019 Mexico 0.435 0.420 2020 Netherlands 0.453 0.304 2020 New Zealand 0.454 0.320 2020 Norway 0.436 0.263 2020 Poland 0.452 0.281 2018 Portugal 0.511 0.310 2019 Slovakia 0.383 0.222 2019 Slovenia 0.444 0.246 2019 South Korea 0.405 0.331 2020 Spain 0.491 0.320 2019 Sweden 0.433 0.276 2020 Switzerland 0.402 0.316 2019 Turkey 0.502 0.415 2019 United Kingdom 0.507 0.355 2020 United States 0.517 0.375 2021 List of countries by income inequality based on Pre-tax national income share held by the top 10% of the population, Income Decile 1 and Interdecile P90/P10 Country/Territory UN Region World Bank Income group(2024) Pre-tax national incomeTop 10% share[a] Income Decile 1[b] Interdecile P90/P10[c] WorldInequalityDatabase[8] Year UNU-WIDER[2] Year PovertyandInequalityPlatform[9] Year OECD[10][11][12] Year Afghanistan Southern Asia Low income 41.94% 2022 Angola Middle Africa Lower middle income 58.01% 2022 1.33 2019 1.335 2018 Albania Southern Europe Upper middle income 32.14% 2022 3.41 2020 3.418 2020 Andorra Southern Europe High income 34.84% 2022 4.30 2016 United Arab Emirates Western Asia High income 47.78% 2022 3.98 2019 2.835 2018 Argentina South America Upper middle income 43.91% 2022 1.83 2021 2.008 2022 Armenia Western Asia Upper middle income 46.77% 2022 3.97 2021 3.904 2022 Australia Australia and New Zealand High income 32.91% 2022 2.68 2018 2.765 2018 4.3 2020 Austria Western Europe High income 34.19% 2022 1.89 2022 2.765 2021 3.5 2021 Azerbaijan Western Asia Upper middle income 42.87% 2022 6.14 2018 4.848 2005 Burundi Eastern Africa Low income 48.39% 2022 2.76 2014 2.876 2020 Belgium Western Europe High income 29.54% 2022 2.26 2022 3.645 2021 3.1 2021 Benin Western Africa Lower middle income 46.94% 2022 2.88 2019 3.108 2021 Burkina Faso Western Africa Low income 54.84% 2022 2.62 2019 3.029 2021 Bangladesh Southern Asia Lower middle income 36.52% 2022 3.63 2022 3.467 2022 Bulgaria Eastern Europe High income 44.18% 2022 1.58 2022 2.007 2021 5.8 2021 Bahrain Western Asia High income 55.72% 2022 Bahamas Caribbean High income 52.41% 2022 2.20 2013 Bosnia and Herzegovina Southern Europe Upper middle income 34.25% 2022 2.94 2011 2.936 2011 Belarus Eastern Europe Upper middle income 29.92% 2022 4.45 2020 4.454 2020 Belize Central America Upper middle income 52.41% 2022 0.93 1999 0.950 1999 Bolivia South America Lower middle income 52.41% 2022 1.77 2021 1.775 2021 Brazil South America Upper middle income 56.78% 2022 1.02 2021 1.196 2022 8.4 2022 Barbados Caribbean High income 48.52% 2022 1.40 2010 Brunei South-eastern Asia High income 36.40% 2022 0.80 1981 Bhutan Southern Asia Lower middle income 49.19% 2022 3.63 2022 3.633 2022 Botswana Southern Africa Upper middle income 59.26% 2022 1.53 2016 1.532 2015 Central African Republic Middle Africa Low income 64.91% 2022 2.13 2021 2.143 2021 Canada Northern America High income 35.18% 2022 3.30 2020 2.973 2019 3.7 2021 Switzerland Western Europe High income 31.64% 2022 2.50 2021 2.950 2020 3.8 2020 Chile South America High income 58.95% 2022 2.06 2020 2.268 2022 7.3 2022 ‹See TfM› China Eastern Asia Upper middle income 43.35% 2022 2.92 2020 3.039 2021 23.0 2011 Ivory Coast Western Africa Lower middle income 54.66% 2022 2.90 2019 3.150 2021 Cameroon Middle Africa Lower middle income 52.05% 2022 1.72 2014 2.127 2021 Democratic Republic of the Congo Middle Africa Low income 48.84% 2022 2.09 2013 2.128 2020 Republic of the Congo Middle Africa Lower middle income 55.93% 2022 1.56 2012 1.562 2011 Colombia South America Upper middle income 60.62% 2022 1.17 2021 1.033 2022 Comoros Eastern Africa Lower middle income 50.26% 2022 1.61 2014 1.617 2014 Cape Verde Western Africa Lower middle income 49.08% 2022 2.22 2015 2.219 2015 Costa Rica Central America Upper middle income 57.50% 2022 1.66 2022 1.639 2023 9.7 2023 Cuba Caribbean Upper middle income 45.29% 2022 3.40 1978 Cyprus Western Asia High income 33.45% 2022 2.46 2022 3.547 2021 Czech Republic Eastern Europe High income 29.66% 2022 2.58 2022 3.893 2021 3.1 2021 Germany Western Europe High income 34.04% 2022 1.82 2022 2.940 2020 3.9 2020 Djibouti Eastern Africa Lower middle income 49.55% 2022 1.94 2017 1.944 2017 Denmark Northern Europe High income 40.57% 2022 1.99 2022 3.695 2021 3.0 2019 Dominican Republic Caribbean Upper middle income 47.77% 2022 2.56 2021 2.610 2022 Algeria Northern Africa Upper middle income 38.08% 2022 4.05 2012 4.046 2011 Ecuador South America Upper middle income 44.83% 2022 1.66 2022 1.640 2023 Egypt Northern Africa Lower middle income 47.60% 2022 3.84 2020 3.841 2019 Spain Southern Europe High income 33.13% 2022 1.73 2022 2.211 2021 4.6 2021 Estonia Northern Europe High income 38.16% 2022 1.67 2022 3.093 2021 5.0 2021 Ethiopia Eastern Africa Low income 45.47% 2022 2.89 2016 2.889 2015 Finland Northern Europe High income 31.64% 2022 2.18 2022 3.840 2021 3.2 2022 Fiji Melanesia Upper middle income 48.59% 2022 3.47 2020 3.468 2019 France Western Europe High income 34.79% 2022 2.16 2022 2.933 2021 3.5 2021 Federated States of Micronesia Micronesia Lower middle income 48.59% 2022 1.87 2013 1.874 2013 Gabon Middle Africa Upper middle income 43.32% 2022 2.24 2017 2.241 2017 United Kingdom Northern Europe High income 33.70% 2022 2.27 2021 3.041 2021 4.3 2021 Georgia Western Asia Upper middle income 45.03% 2022 2.65 2021 2.638 2022 Ghana Western Africa Lower middle income 48.91% 2022 1.61 2017 1.611 2016 Guinea Western Africa Lower middle income 37.89% 2022 3.48 2019 3.478 2018 Gambia Western Africa Low income 45.87% 2022 2.59 2021 2.594 2020 Guinea-Bissau Western Africa Low income 44.09% 2022 3.31 2019 3.393 2021 Equatorial Guinea Middle Africa Upper middle income 51.39% 2022 Greece Southern Europe High income 35.00% 2022 1.94 2022 2.610 2021 4.0 2021 Grenada Caribbean Upper middle income 48.52% 2022 2.88 2008 2.128 2018 Greenland Northern America High income 48.59% 2022 2.10 2018 Guatemala Central America Upper middle income 52.41% 2022 1.67 2014 1.672 2014 Guyana South America High income 52.41% 2022 1.09 1998 1.158 1998 Hong Kong Eastern Asia High income 48.18% 2022 0.70 2016 Honduras Central America Lower middle income 52.41% 2022 1.24 2019 1.243 2019 Croatia Southern Europe High income 32.04% 2022 1.40 2022 3.110 2021 4.0 2021 Haiti Caribbean Lower middle income 52.41% 2022 2.10 2012 0.765 2012 Hungary Eastern Europe High income 33.50% 2022 1.83 2022 3.518 2021 3.1 2021 Indonesia South-eastern Asia Upper middle income 41.24% 2022 2.80 2022 3.328 2023 India Southern Asia Lower middle income 57.13% 2022 2.90 2022 2.898 2021 9.4 2011 Ireland Northern Europe High income 40.86% 2022 1.77 2022 3.633 2021 3.6 2021 Iran Southern Asia Upper middle income 52.39% 2022 2.31 2020 2.831 2022 Iraq Western Asia Upper middle income 50.67% 2022 1.28 2013 3.680 2012 Iceland Northern Europe High income 29.51% 2022 4.03 2018 4.033 2017 2.8 2017 Israel Western Asia High income 47.80% 2022 1.87 2018 2.000 2021 5.4 2021 Italy Southern Europe High income 39.05% 2022 1.54 2022 2.303 2021 4.4 2021 Jamaica Caribbean Upper middle income 52.41% 2022 2.61 2015 2.176 2021 Jordan Western Asia Lower middle income 48.36% 2022 3.16 2014 3.455 2010 Japan Eastern Asia High income 44.24% 2022 1.85 2014 2.993 2013 5.2 2021 Kazakhstan Central Asia Upper middle income 35.29% 2022 4.28 2018 4.299 2021 Kenya Eastern Africa Lower middle income 48.72% 2022 2.91 2021 2.923 2021 Kyrgyzstan Central Asia Lower middle income 43.35% 2022 4.04 2020 4.375 2022 Cambodia South-eastern Asia Lower middle income 55.74% 2022 3.93 2012 Kiribati Micronesia Lower middle income 48.59% 2022 4.04 2020 4.038 2019 Saint Kitts and Nevis Caribbean High income 48.52% 2022 South Korea Eastern Asia High income 32.55% 2022 1.24 2016 2.946 2021 4.9 2022 Kuwait Western Asia High income 52.90% 2022 2.80 1973 Laos South-eastern Asia Lower middle income 45.68% 2022 2.95 2019 2.955 2018 Lebanon Western Asia Lower middle income 54.17% 2022 3.09 2012 3.093 2011 Liberia Western Africa Low income 43.24% 2022 2.94 2016 2.941 2016 Libya Northern Africa Upper middle income 44.13% 2022 Saint Lucia Caribbean Upper middle income 48.52% 2022 0.90 2016 0.906 2015 Sri Lanka Southern Asia Lower middle income 42.23% 2022 3.11 2019 3.113 2019 Lesotho Southern Africa Lower middle income 49.51% 2022 1.72 2018 1.722 2017 Lithuania Northern Europe High income 41.84% 2022 1.29 2022 2.625 2021 5.1 2021 Luxembourg Western Europe High income 31.48% 2022 2.19 2022 2.787 2021 3.6 2021 Latvia Northern Europe High income 34.61% 2022 1.37 2022 2.607 2021 5.2 2022 Morocco Northern Africa Lower middle income 49.43% 2022 2.70 2014 2.700 2013 Moldova Eastern Europe Upper middle income 33.29% 2022 4.34 2021 4.344 2021 Madagascar Eastern Africa Low income 50.76% 2022 2.16 2013 2.223 2012 Maldives Southern Asia Upper middle income 57.72% 2022 3.78 2020 3.776 2019 Mexico Central America Upper middle income 64.61% 2022 1.87 2022 2.124 2022 5.8 2022 Marshall Islands Micronesia Upper middle income 48.59% 2022 2.84 2020 2.842 2019 North Macedonia Southern Europe Upper middle income 29.66% 2022 1.88 2020 1.878 2019 Mali Western Africa Low income 44.61% 2022 2.93 2021 3.230 2021 Malta Southern Europe High income 34.13% 2022 1.99 2022 3.095 2020 Myanmar South-eastern Asia Lower middle income 51.12% 2022 3.76 2017 3.764 2017 Montenegro Southern Europe Upper middle income 32.13% 2022 2.30 2021 2.141 2021 Mongolia Eastern Asia Upper middle income 42.51% 2022 3.27 2018 3.387 2022 Mozambique Eastern Africa Low income 64.63% 2022 1.59 2020 1.714 2019 Mauritania Western Africa Lower middle income 40.48% 2022 2.98 2014 3.133 2019 Mauritius Eastern Africa Upper middle income 47.40% 2022 2.91 2017 2.915 2017 Malawi Eastern Africa Low income 48.41% 2022 2.85 2020 2.851 2019 Malaysia South-eastern Asia Upper middle income 47.48% 2022 2.26 2019 2.346 2021 Namibia Southern Africa Upper middle income 64.20% 2022 0.96 2016 0.965 2015 Niger Western Africa Low income 49.19% 2022 3.20 2019 3.777 2021 Nigeria Western Africa Lower middle income 42.72% 2022 2.88 2019 2.885 2018 Nicaragua Central America Lower middle income 52.41% 2022 1.98 2014 1.977 2014 Netherlands Western Europe High income 33.14% 2022 1.92 2022 3.625 2021 3.2 2022 Norway Northern Europe High income 25.17% 2022 1.94 2021 3.365 2019 3.1 2022 Nepal Southern Asia Lower middle income 33.81% 2022 3.50 2011 3.672 2022 Nauru Micronesia High income 48.59% 2022 3.39 2013 3.403 2012 New Zealand Australia and New Zealand High income 34.63% 2022 2.90 2018 4.2 2020 Oman Western Asia High income 54.88% 2022 Pakistan Southern Asia Lower middle income 43.94% 2022 4.22 2019 4.222 2018 Panama Central America High income 52.41% 2022 1.23 2021 1.234 2023 Peru South America Upper middle income 57.27% 2022 2.12 2021 2.112 2022 Philippines South-eastern Asia Lower middle income 49.42% 2022 2.91 2021 2.678 2021 Palau Micronesia High income 48.59% 2022 1.00 2014 Papua New Guinea Melanesia Lower middle income 50.25% 2022 1.87 2010 1.870 2009 Poland Eastern Europe High income 34.59% 2022 2.09 2022 3.354 2021 3.3 2021 Puerto Rico Caribbean High income 48.52% 2022 2.10 1977 Portugal Southern Europe High income 35.60% 2022 1.85 2022 2.796 2021 4.0 2021 Paraguay South America Upper middle income 52.41% 2022 1.83 2022 1.831 2022 Palestine Western Asia Lower middle income 50.06% 2022 2.90 2017 2.898 2016 Qatar Western Asia High income 53.78% 2022 2.556 2017 Romania Eastern Europe High income 35.77% 2022 1.17 2022 1.901 2021 5.0 2021 Russia Eastern Europe High income 50.77% 2022 3.08 2020 2.686 2021 4.3 2017 Rwanda Eastern Africa Low income 53.94% 2022 2.44 2017 2.437 2016 Saudi Arabia Western Asia High income 54.41% 2022 Sudan Northern Africa Low income 45.04% 2022 3.17 2014 3.175 2014 Senegal Western Africa Lower middle income 47.80% 2022 2.96 2019 3.021 2021 Singapore South-eastern Asia High income 32.89% 2022 1.59 2012 Solomon Islands Melanesia Lower middle income 48.59% 2022 2.76 2013 2.758 2012 Sierra Leone Western Africa Low income 47.00% 2022 3.35 2018 3.352 2018 El Salvador Central America Upper middle income 42.70% 2022 1.92 2022 1.926 2022 San Marino Southern Europe High income 34.84% 2022 Somalia Eastern Africa Low income 44.06% 2022 1.70 2016 Serbia Southern Europe Upper middle income 33.75% 2022 2.28 2021 2.489 2021 South Sudan Eastern Africa Low income 49.39% 2022 1.71 2017 1.788 2016 São Tomé and Príncipe Middle Africa Lower middle income 39.38% 2022 2.57 2017 2.569 2017 Suriname South America Upper middle income 52.41% 2022 2.207 2022 F Slovakia Eastern Europe High income 25.98% 2022 2.97 2022 3.421 2021 2.8 2021 Slovenia Southern Europe High income 30.65% 2022 1.97 2022 4.196 2021 3.0 2021 Sweden Northern Europe High income 33.75% 2022 1.78 2022 2.806 2021 3.3 2022 Eswatini Southern Africa Lower middle income 59.88% 2022 1.41 2017 1.407 2016 Seychelles Eastern Africa High income 52.09% 2022 2.58 2019 2.622 2018 Syria Western Asia Low income 54.25% 2022 3.80 2007 3.798 2022 Turks and Caicos Islands Caribbean High income 48.52% 2022 Chad Middle Africa Low income 46.73% 2022 2.92 2019 2.808 2022 Togo Western Africa Low income 50.03% 2022 2.29 2019 2.785 2021 Thailand South-eastern Asia Upper middle income 51.75% 2022 3.17 2021 3.186 2021 Tajikistan Central Asia Lower middle income 38.12% 2022 2.95 2015 2.953 2015 Turkmenistan Central Asia Upper middle income 47.99% 2022 2.72 1993 2.404 1998 Timor-Leste South-eastern Asia Lower middle income 46.30% 2022 4.04 2014 4.045 2014 Tonga Polynesia Upper middle income 48.59% 2022 3.18 2015 3.965 2021 Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean High income 52.41% 2022 2.07 1992 2.127 1992 Tunisia Northern Africa Lower middle income 41.37% 2022 3.16 2016 3.083 2021 Turkey — Upper middle income 51.68% 2022 2.00 2021 1.988 2021 5.3 2021 Tuvalu Polynesia Upper middle income 48.59% 2022 2.68 2010 2.684 2010 Taiwan Eastern Asia High income 34.92% 2022 2.53 2021 3.515 2021 Tanzania Eastern Africa Lower middle income 51.37% 2022 2.88 2018 2.875 2018 Uganda Eastern Africa Low income 52.82% 2022 2.43 2020 2.428 2019 Ukraine Eastern Europe Upper middle income 38.26% 2022 4.25 2020 4.257 2020 Uruguay South America High income 47.17% 2022 2.24 2022 2.162 2022 United States Northern America High income 48.27% 2022 1.42 2022 1.762 2022 6.3 2022 Uzbekistan Central Asia Lower middle income 48.30% 2022 2.88 2003 2.495 2022 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Caribbean Upper middle income 48.52% 2022 Venezuela South America — 54.96% 2022 2.50 2014 1.244 2006 Vietnam South-eastern Asia Lower middle income 45.82% 2022 2.53 2020 2.569 2022 Vanuatu Melanesia Lower middle income 48.59% 2022 3.04 2020 3.044 2019 Samoa Polynesia Lower middle income 48.59% 2022 2.74 2014 2.738 2013 Kosovo Southern Europe Upper middle income 31.64% 2022 0.50 2018 3.790 2017 Yemen Western Asia Low income 55.11% 2022 3.00 2014 3.005 2014 South Africa Southern Africa Upper middle income 65.41% 2022 1.09 2017 0.857 2014 22.3 2017 Zambia Eastern Africa Lower middle income 61.74% 2022 1.10 2015 1.473 2022 Zimbabwe Eastern Africa Lower middle income 58.95% 2022 1.93 2019 2.539 2017

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  • Chancel, L.; Piketty, T.; Saez, E.; Zucman, G.; et al. “World Inequality Report 2022” (PDF). wir2022.wid.world. World Inequality Lab. UNESCO Inclusive Policy Lab.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • “An Overview of Growing Income Inequalities in OECD Countries: Main Findings” (PDF). Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Growing. OECD Publishing. December 2011. ISBN 978-92-64-11163-9. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
  • Haddad, Cameron Nadim; Mahler, Daniel Gerszon; Diaz-Bonilla, Carolina; Hill, Ruth; Lakner, Christoph; Ibarra, Gabriel Lara (17 June 2024). “Inside the World Bank’s new inequality indicator: The number of countries with high inequality”. World Bank.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Global Peace Index Map of Gini data for 2007-2010
  • Shadow economies all over the world : new estimates for 162 countries from 1999 to 2007. Friedrich Schneider, Andreas Buehn, Claudio E. Montenegro. July 2010. World Bank.